Search results for "Humanities social sciences"
showing 10 items of 10 documents
Bicausative matrices to measure structural change: Are they a good tool?
1999
The causative-matrix method to analyze temporal change assumes that a matrix transforms one Markovian transition matrix into another by a left multiplication of the first matrix; the method is demand-driven when applied to input-output economics. An extension is presented without assuming the demand-driven or supply-driven hypothesis. Starting from two flow matrices X and Y, two diagonal matrices are searched, one premultiplying and the second postmultiplying X, to obtain a result the closer as possible to Y by least squares. The paper proves that the method is deceptive because the diagonal matrices are unidentified and the interpretation of results is unclear. Keywords : Input-Output ; Ch…
Controlled-by-owner firms, mobility of capital and microeconomic profit rate maximization
1999
When they actively control the firm, owners select the firm that has the best profit rate if the hypothesis of mobility of capital is adopted: controlled-by-owner firms are profit-rate-maximizing when sleeping-owner firms are pure-profit-maximizing. Both types are compared in monopoly, in perfect competition, in classical or in mixed duopoly. Always, controlled-by-owner firms have a lower output than comparable sleeping-owner firms. It only takes a fixed coefficient of equity capital to do that price plays no role for controlled-by-owner firms in perfect competition; in duopoly, it only takes a similar condition plus a linear demand to do that reaction functions vanish.
Claude Ponsard (1927-1990) .Un essai biographique
1991
Il est toujours extrêmement difficile de résumer la vie d’un homme que l’on a croisé à une époque particulière de sa propre existence et dont on a partagé les enthousiasmes et les déceptions jusqu’à dépasser cette relation du maître à l’élève dont l’alchimie est si particulière, si délicate qu’il serait présomptueux d’en amorcer ici l’explication. Il s’agit néanmoins d’un fait, objectif, brut : le regard que nous allons poser sur l’homme et sur l’oeuvre n’est pas libre de tout sentiment. Nous avons admiré l’esprit, la ténacité, la rigueur scientifiques de celui dont nous avons aimé l’humanité, l’exigence et la chaleur. La difficulté de la tâche réside précisément en la construction d’une bi…
Réalité qualitative et analyse économique spatiale
1991
Les termes qualitatif et quantitatif ne s’opposent pas. Ils caractérisent des approches du réel ni antinomiques, ni exclusives. Ils entretiennent des relations très complexes que nous essaierons de simplifier. A quel propos faut-il parler de qualitatif et de quantitatif ? Faut-il situer le problème au niveau de la nature de ce qu'on observe (les phénomènes), au niveau de la façon dont on agit (la politique) ou au niveau de la manière dont on essaie de comprendre la réalité (méthodes d'analyse)? Nous avons délibérément écarté les deux premiers niveaux pour nous consacrer à l'examen du qualitatif dans les méthodes d'analyse de la science régionale. La première section est consacrée à une tent…
Geographical economics and regional integration (what lessons for Central and Eastern European countries ?)
1998
THIS PAPER AIMS TO SHOW HOW EU-INTEGRATION OF THE CENTRAL AND ORIENTAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WOULD MODIFY THE GROWTH OF EUROPEAN REGIONS. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT « NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY » AND « NEW GROWTH THEORIES » TOGETHER ARE WELL SUITED TO UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN VARIOUS PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH EUROPEAN INTEGRATION POLICIES. WE SHOW THAT THESE POLICIES WILL BE PROFITABLE TO GROWTH BUT WILL REINFORCE THE UROPEAN CORE-PERIPHERY GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN. WE ALSO SHOW THAT SOME MECANISMS COULD COUNTERACT THIS PATTERN OF UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT.
How information shapes cities : theory and facts
1999
The primary aim of this paper is to show that « information matters » in shaping space and cities. This statement has both theoretical and empirical foundations. Theoretical reasoning, especially on the basis of economic geography modelling, is able to provide consistent and realistic explanations for the agglomeration of information using activities including producer services and R&D. Empirical testing of these models raises a number of methodological problems. Nevertheless, many empirical studies have been conducted into the local character of the diffusion of tacit information. Over the last ten years, much progress has been made, and initial difficulties are progressively being overcom…
Test methodologies for the unitary root
1998
This paper provides a critical survey on unit root testing procedures frequently used in empirical literature. The importance of the hypothesis of linearity of the deterministic component is stressed because its misspecification may result in the false conclusion that the time series has a unit root. Testing strategies elaborated by Dickey, Bell and Miller (1986), Perron (1988) and Dolado, Jenkinson and Sosvilla-Rivero (1990) are compared and their limit is evaluated. An empirical testing strategy is then proposed and applied to the analysis of the nonstationarity exhibited by real GDP in France. We show that it is possible to find some flexible specifications that enable us to reject the u…
Pour une nouvelle planification hospitalière (une estimation des besoins hospitaliers en Bourgogne)
1998
Alors que l'approche institutionnelle de la planification sanitaire cible l'évolution du besoin en soins hospitaliers, c'est à dire en inputs, l'approchepopulationnelle part du besoin de santé global de la population, dont la satisfaction constitue l'output du processus de soins. La modélisation présentée dans cet article procède d'une telle logique populationnelle. Elle cherche à estimer le nombre de lits hospitaliers nécessaires et suffisants pour couvrir l'ensemble des besoins de la population d'une zone donnée, à partir des caractéristiques démographiques et des modes de recours à l'hospitalisation.La détermination des besoins par zone est susceptible d'entraîner une nouvelle allocation…
Gini index, inequality comparisons and maximim axiom : a paradox
1999
Inequality is appreciated only through a relevant measure, traditionally the Gini index, but this one presents a weakness that prevents to consider it as valid: to a same Gini may correspond many distributions. For the most simple case, a concentration curve with two linear segments, a criterion is proposed, based on the maximin: beside curves with same Gini, the more egalitarian is those in which each poor has the higher revenue. However, this does not allow to decide for two curves with different Gini: two indeterminate zones appear. This is extended to curves with three linear segments and two kinks.
A biproportional measure of multidimensional inequality
1999
Bradburd and Ross have proposed a measure of multidimensional inequality based on a quadratic-loss criterion: one matrix is compared to another even if they have not the same margins. This is reconsidered. One removes the effect of size variation between the analyzed distribution and the reference distribution by giving to the two matrices the same margins with a biproportional operator. The size differences inside the analyzed structure are removed by a bimarkovian biproportional operator. As homogeneity does not signify equality, the homogeneous reference structure is replaced by a uniform matrix to be compared to the first matrix.